by Shaykh Muhammad Shareef bin Farid
Tomorrow, Thursday [July 30, 2020] will be the 9th of Dhu’l-Hijja, known as “the Day of `Arafat”. It is the Day when all the pilgrims sit, stand, kneel and recline on the Mount of Mercy; calling upon Allah, sealing the Qur’an, doing remembrance of Allah and making supplications for forgiveness, mercy and well-being.
Some scholars refer to the Day of `Arafat as “a dress rehearsal for the Day of Judgment” and assert that all the pilgrims should act and behave as if they were standing for the Day of Reckoning.
The Qur’an, Sunna and the unanimous agreement of the Ijma` (consensus) uphold the superiority of the Day of `Arafat over all days. This is for many reasons, but mainly because it was the Day on which the religion of Islam was completed and perfected as Allah ta`ala says in Surat al-Ma’ida:
﴿ ﺍﻟْﻴَﻮْﻡَ ﺃَﻛْﻤَﻠْﺖُ ﻟَﻜُﻢْ ﺩِﻳﻨَﻜُﻢْ ﻭَﺃَﺗْﻤَﻤْﺖُ ﻋَﻠَﻴْﻜُﻢْ ﻧِﻌْﻤَﺘِﻲ ﻭَﺭَﺿِﻴﺖُ ﻟَﻜُﻢُ ﺍﻹِﺳْﻼَﻡَ ﺩِﻳﻨﺎً﴾
‘This day have I perfected your religion for you and have completed My favor upon you and have chosen Islam as a religion for you.’
The scholars are agreed that this verse was revealed on Friday during the Day of `Arafat during the khutba of the Farewell Pilgrimage of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. No other verse of a legal nature dealing with the obligations or prohibitions were revealed to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, after this verse.
Sultan Muhammad Bello said in his Nuur’l-Fajr:
‘As far as the day of `Arafat is concerned, it has many merits. Among them is that it is the day of the completion of the religion, further, Allah has sworn by this day in His Book.
Some of the people of Qur’anic exegesis (al-mufaasireen) have said: ‘The day of `Arafat is ‘the even’ which Allah swears by in His Book, and that ‘the odd’ refers to the day of sacrifice (an-nahr), when Allah ta`ala says:
﴿ ﻭَﺍﻟْﻔَﺠْﺮِ * ﻭَﻟَﻴَﺎﻝٍ ﻋَﺸْﺮٍ * ﻭَﺍﻟﺸَّﻔْﻊِ ﻭَﺍﻟْﻮِﺗْﺮِ ﴾
‘By the dawn, by the ten nights, by the even and the odd.’
The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace narrated this in the tradition of Jaabir, which was related by Imam Ahmad and an-Nisai’ in his tafseer. It is said that the day of `Arafat is ‘the witness’ (shaahid), which Allah ta`ala swears by in His Book, when He says:
﴿ ﻭَﺷَﺎﻫِﺪٍ ﻭَﻣَﺸْﻬُﻮﺩٍ ﴾
‘By the witness and the witnessed.’
It has been related in the al-Musnad on the authority of Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him and grant him peace:
(( ﺍﻟﺸَّﺎﻫِﺪُ ﻳَﻮْﻡُ ﻋَﺮَﻓَﺔَ ﻭَﺍﻟﻤَﺸْﻬُﻮﺩُ ﻳَﻮْﻡُ ﺍﻟْﺠُﻤْﻌَﺔِ ))
‘The witness is the day of `Arafat and the witnessed is the day of jum`a.’
It has been narrated that it is the best of the days, based upon what was related by Ibn Habaan in his Sahih from a tradition of Jaabir from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace who said:
(( ﺃَﻓْﻀَﻞُ ﺍﻷَﻳَّﺎﻡِ ﻳَﻮْﻡُ ﻋَﺮَﻓَﺔَ ))
‘The best of the days is the day of `Arafat.’
This was the opinion of a large group among the scholars. However, there are some who say that the best day is the day of sacrifice (an-nahr). It has been narrated on the authority of Anas ibn Malik that it used to be said:
‘The day of `Arafat is equal to ten thousand days, meaning in merit. It is the day of the great pilgrimage (al-hajj al-akbar) with the majority of the learned people. Fasting during this day is atonement for sixty years. It is the day of forgiveness and redemption from the Fire.’
It has been related by Muslim on the authority of A`isha, may Allah be pleased with her that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace said:
(( ﻣَﺎ ﻣِﻦْ ﻳَﻮْﻡٍ ﺃَﻛْﺜَﺮَ ﻣِﻦْ ﺃَﻥْ ﻳُﻌْﺘِﻖَ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪُ ﻓِﻴﻪِ ﻋَﺒْﺪﺍً ﻣِﻦَ ﺍﻟﻨَّﺎﺭِ ﻣِﻦْ ﻳَﻮْﻡِ ﻋَﺮَﻓَﺔَ ﻭَﺇِﻧَّﻪُ ﻟَﻴَﺪْﻧُﻮ ﺛُﻢَّ ﻳُﺒَﺎﻫِﻰ ﺑِﻬِﻢُ ﺍﻟْﻤَﻼَﺋِﻜَﺔَ ﻓَﻴَﻘُﻮﻝُ ﻣَﺎ ﺃَﺭَﺍﺩَ ﻫَﺆُﻻَﺀِ ))
‘There is no day that Allah frees more servants from the Fire than during the day of `Arafat. On it He draws near to them and boast about them with His Angels and says: ‘What is it that they desire?’
It has been related on the authority of Abu Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him and grant him peace:
(( ﺇِﺫَﺍ ﻛَﺎﻥَ ﻳَﻮْﻡُ ﻋَﺮَﻓَﺔَ ﻟَﻢْ ﻳَﺒْﻖَ ﺃَﺣَﺪٌ ﻓِﻲ ﻗَﻠْﺒِﻪِ ﻣِﺜْﻘَﺎﻝَ ﺫَﺭَّﺓٍ ﻣِﻦ ﺇِﻳْﻤَﺎﻥٍ ﺇَﻟَّﺎ ﻏُﻔِﺮَ ﻟَﻪُ ))
‘When the day of Arafat comes, there does not remain anyone who possesses an atoms weight of faith in his heart except that he is forgiven.’
It was said to him: ‘Is this forgiveness just for a specific person or for the people in general?’ He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace said:
(( ﺑَﻞْ ﻟِﻠﻨَّﺎﺱِ ﻋَﺎﻣَﺔً ))
‘Rather, it is for the people in general.’ Abdu ibn Humayd related this prophetic tradition.
For whoever yearns to be freed from the Fire and yearns for the forgiveness of Allah and closeness to him, then he should seek to safeguard those causative factors that necessitate one being freed and attaining forgiveness. Among these causative factors is fasting during this day.
It has been related in the Saheeh of Muslim on the authority of Abu Qatada that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace said:
(( ﺻِﻴَﺎﻡُ ﻳَﻮْﻡِ ﻋَﺮَﻓَﺔَ ﺃَﺣْﺘَﺴِﺐُ ﻋَﻠَﻰ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪِ ﺃَﻥْ ﻳُﻜَﻔِّﺮَ ﺍﻟﺴَّﻨَﺔَ ﺍﻟَّﺘِﻰ ﻗَﺒْﻠَﻪُ ﻭَﺍﻟﺴَّﻨَﺔَ ﺍﻟَّﺘِﻰ ﺑَﻌْﺪَﻩُ ))
‘Fasting during the day of `Arafat one should expect atonement for the year before and the year after.’
It has been related by Abu Bakr ibn Abu Shayba and Abu Ya`ala al-Musali in a sound chain of authority that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace said:
(( ﻣَﻦ ﺻَﺎﻡَ ﻳَﻮْﻡَ ﻋَﺮَﻓَﺔَ ﻏُﻔِﺮَ ﻟَﻪُ ﺳِﻨَﺘَﻴْﻦِ ﻣُﺘَﺘَﺎﺑِﻌَﻴْﻦِ ))
‘Whoever fast on the day of `Arafat will be forgiven for the following two years.’
It has been related by Abu Mansuur ad-Daylami with his chain of authority from Ibn Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace said:
(( ﺻَﻮْﻡُ ﻳَﻮْﻡِ ﻋَﺮَﻓَﺔَ ﻛَﺼَﻮْﻡِ ﺳِﺘِﻴﻦَ ﺳِﻨَّﺔٍ ))
‘Fasting on the day of `Arafat is like fasting sixty years.’
Among the causative factors that necessitate one being freed and attaining forgiveness is safeguarding the limbs from prohibitions during that day.
It has been narrated by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad on the authority of Ibn Abass that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace said during the day of `Arafat:
(( ﻓِﻲ ﻳَﻮْﻡِ ﻋَﺮَﻓَﺔَ ﻫَﺬَﺍ ﻳَﻮْﻡٌ ﻣَﻦ ﻣَﻠَﻚَ ﻓِﻴﻪِ ﺳَﻤْﻌَﻪُ ﻭَﺑَﺼَﺮَﻩُ ﻭَﻟِﺴَﺎﻧَﻪُ ﻏُﻔِﺮَ ﻟَﻪُ ))
‘This day of `Arafat is a day that whoever controls his hearing, his eyes and his tongue will be forgiven.’ The author of the al-Firdaws has also related this.
Among the causative factors that necessitate one being freed and attaining forgiveness is to increase in bearing witness to the Divine Unity (shahaadat at-tawheed).
It has been related by at-Tirmidhi on the authority of Abdallah ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace said:
(( ﺧَﻴْﺮُ ﺍﻟﺪُّﻋَﺎﺀِ ﺩُﻋَﺎﺀُ ﻳَﻮْﻡِ ﻋَﺮَﻓَﺔَ ﻭَﺧَﻴْﺮُ ﻣَﺎ ﻗُﻠْﺖُ ﺃَﻧَﺎ ﻭَﺍﻟﻨَّﺒِﻴُّﻮﻥَ ﻣِﻦْ ﻗَﺒْﻠِﻰ ﻻَ ﺇِﻟَﻪَ ﺇِﻻَّ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪُ ﻭَﺣْﺪَﻩُ ﻻَ ﺷَﺮِﻳﻚَ ﻟَﻪُ ﻟَﻪُ ﺍﻟْﻤُﻠْﻚُ ﻭَﻟَﻪُ ﺍﻟْﺤَﻤْﺪُ ﻭَﻫُﻮَ ﻋَﻠَﻰ ﻛُﻞِّ ﺷَﻰْﺀٍ ﻗَﺪِﻳﺮٌ ))
‘The best supplication among the supplications of the day of `Arafat and the best of what I have said and the Prophets before me have said is there is no deity except Allah, the One who has no partner. To Him belongs the kingdom and to Him is the praise, and He has power over all things.’
Among the causative factors that necessitate one being freed and attaining forgiveness is freeing slaves if possible or increasing in the word of Divine Unity, which in itself, equals the freeing of slaves as it has been well established in the sound prophetic tradition:
(( ﻣَﻦ ﻗَﺎﻟَﻬَﺎ ﻣﺎﺋَﺔ ﻣَﺮَّﺓ ﻛَﺎﻧَﺖْ ﻟَﻪُ ﻋَﺪْﻝَ ﻋَﺸَﺮَ ﺭِﻗَﺎﺏٍ ))
‘Whoever says it one hundred times it is equal to freeing ten slaves.’
Among the causative factors that necessitate one being freed and attaining forgiveness is performing much supplications by seeking forgiveness.
It has been related by Ibn Abi ad-Dunya in his chain of authority to Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah ennoble his face who said:
‘There is no day on earth that Allah frees more people from the Hell Fires. There is no day that He frees more people from the Fire than on the day of `Arafat. Therefore increase in the saying of:
ﺍﻟﻠَّﻬُﻢَّ ﺍﻋْﺘِﻖْ ﺭَﻗْﺒَﺘِﻲ ﻣِﻦَ ﺍﻟﻨَّﺎﺭِ ﻭَﺍﻭْﺳِﻌِﻲ ﻟِﻲ ﻣِﻦَ ﺍﻟﺮِّﺯْﻕِ ﺍﻟْﺤَﻼﻝِ ﻭَﺃَﺻْﺮِﻑْ ﻋَﻨِّﻲ ﻓِﺴْﻘَﺔَ ﺍﻟْﺠِﻦِّ ﻭَﺍﻹِﻧْﺲِ
ALLAHUMMA `ATIQ RAQBATEE MINA ‘N-NAARI WA AWSI`EE LEE MINA ‘R-RIZQI ‘L-HALAALI WA ASRIF ANNEE FISQATA ‘L-JINN WA’L-INSI
‘O Allah free my body from the Fire, expand for me from permissible wealth and ward off from me the corruption of the Jinn and mankind.’ This is a universal supplication for the day of `Arafat.
The secret of this supplication is that it delineates that the first ten days and nights of the Dhu’l-Hijjah, including the day of `Arafat are times in which Allah liberates people from the Hell, by bringing non-Muslims into the fold of Islam.
It is a time in which Allah expands the lawful wealth for His creatures. It is a time in which Allah ta`ala assists His servants against their enemies among men and djinn. It is a time of spiritual warfare, when Allah ta`ala unravels the magic of magician, expose the schemes of enemies and destroys those who hate the honor of Islam.
It is because of this the servants of Allah have to be acutely alert in their supplications, fasting and superogatory, because it is a time of spiritual war.
One should also take caution from committing sins and being persistent in major sins, which prevent one from attaining Allah’s forgiveness and being freed from the Fire. As it has been narrated in the sound traditions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. One should also take caution during these days from having sexual intercourse with women.
The Knower of Allah, Abd’l-Wahaab as-Sha`rani in his al-Wisaaya:
‘Be cautious against having sexual intercourse during the ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah up until half of the month, as well as the tenth of al-Muharram and during the last ten nights of Ramadan. These are the times that are exclusive for the acceptance of supplications (bi istijaabati ‘d-da`awaat) and performance of obligations (fi`ili ‘t-taa`aati).
However, in that cautioning one should not rely upon the ideas of the philosophers, who say that having sexual intercourse during the above-mentioned days causes leprosy in children, blindness and the like. Rather, you should rely upon what has reached you from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace in prohibiting that. It has been narrated in a tradition of an-Nisai’, however the prohibition is not specific for the ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah over other days.’
The bottom line is that these sacred days of the Dhu’l-Hijjah are days and nights in which we should all close the doors of the sensate world and open the windows to the Hereafter. It is a time of purifying the heart of all things besides Allah.
It is a time of resorting back to Him and repenting of all the sins we have committed against our own souls in disobeying Him, as well as the sins we have committed against Allah’s servants and creatures. The ihraam should be the inner state of every man and women, be they running between Safa and Marwa or running between their jobs and the market places of this world.
Allah is a Witness for what I say, and success is with Him alone!